Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are an increasingly common group of malignancies that arise within the endocrine tissue of the pancreas. Endocrine tissue is specialized tissue that contains hormone-secreting cells. These cells secrete several different hormones into the blood (endocrine) or to local cells (paracrine, autocrine). These hormones have a variety of functions within the body. Neoplasms that arise from endocrine tissue m  Read More

There are a variety of treatments available for controlling anxiety, including several effective anti-anxiety medications and specific forms of psychotherapy. In terms of medications, buspirone (Buspar) is known to be quite effective for treating GAD. However, it seems to be less effective in managing many other disorders that often co-occur (are comorbid) with GAD. Therefore, specific members of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSR  Read More

Hyperaldosteronism without hypertension is also named Bartter's syndrome. In Hyperaldosteronism, adrenal glands produce much aldosterone. This results in a lowering of potassium levels in the blood, i.e. hypokalemia, and increases hydrogen ion excretion, i.e. alkalosis. 1. In this condition, certain kidney cells are enlarged, the blood becomes more alkaline than in the normal condition, and potassium and chloride  Read More

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) can be considered to be a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), with symptoms that interfere with daily activities and functioning. PMDD occurs in 3% to 8% of menstruating women. Fatigue, mood changes, and abdominal bloating are common symptoms, but numerous other symptoms may occur. PMDD is diagnosed by a symptom diary or chart in which a woman records her daily s  Read More